Leishmaniasis is a disease that causes a skin infection and/or an organ infection. It is fatal if left untreated.
CAUSES:
Leishmaniasis is caused by a one-celled parasite, spread by the sand-fly.
Sand-flies absorb leishmania when they bite an infected dog, and pass on the parasite when they bite another dog.
Humans can also get infected with Leishmaniasis, but not from a dog.
SIGNS:
Organ infection:
- Lethargy
- Loss of appetite, weight loss
- Bloody diarrhea, vomiting
- Fever
- Bleeding from the nose
Skin infection:
- Hard, thick footpads with no color
- Hard lumps in the skin
- Dull and brittle hair
- Hair loss
If you notice any of the above signs, go to your veterinarian immediately, as this may lead to an enlarged spleen, kidney failure, and eventually death.
DIAGNOSIS:
Your veterinarian will suspect leishmaniasis if you have recently traveled to or live in an infested area, and may perform:
- Blood tests
- Urine tests
- Tissue biopsy
TREATMENT:
If your veterinarian finds a positive diagnosis for canine leishmaniasis, treatment may include:
- Medication
- IV fluid support
- Prescription diet
- Antibiotics
The treatment only reduces the immediate danger. The parasite stays in other organs, so relapses are common. Your dog will also be a life-long source of leishmaniasis for other dogs.
You must monitor your dog carefully and follow up with your veterinarian.
PREVENTION:
If you live in an infested area, do not let your dog outside in the evening, because sand-flies are up at night.
There are also sprays available that kill insects.
PROGNOSIS:
Most dogs with leishmaniasis will die from kidney failure.
If your dog is diagnosed and treated in the early stages of the disease, the prognosis is better.